Guinea pigs or “Cavies” are rodents native to South America. Guinea pigs are social, active creatures with a very gentle nature. They are very talkative animals with many different voices. Male guinea pigs are called boars and females are called sows.

A supply of fresh, clean water is very important. Sipper bottles and hopper bins that hang from the cage are best as guinea pigs may make a mess of food and water that are kept in bowls on the cage floor. Guinea pigs, unlike their name suggests, are very particular eaters. They may refuse to eat if their food or food dishes change. The preferred feed for them is a pelleted diet specifically labeled for guinea pigs. The recommended amount for adult guinea pigs is 1 tablespoon and an unlimited amount for pigs under 4 months. Pellets should contain 18-20% crude protein and 9-18% fiber. Pellets should not be fed 90 days past milling date as the Vitamin C quickly loses its potency. (See section regarding Vitamin C.) Look on the box or ask your pet care salesman for milling date. Food prepared for animals other than guinea pigs and table scraps are a big no-no. Good quality timothy or grass hay, not alfalfa hay, should be added to their diet.

Guinea pigs (like humans) lack a particular enzyme necessary to produce Vitamin C, and therefore require ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) in their daily diet. The absence of daily Vitamin C can lead to the development of scurvy and other health problems. 

Guinea pig’s teeth grow continuously throughout life. Sometimes abnormal growth or uneven wear will cause a malocclusion. A malocclusion can lead to overgrown teeth which may become painful and/or cause teeth to break. Slobbers, a condition where the fur under the jaw and down the neck remains wet from constant drooling, is another sign of dental problems. This problem can lead to the inability to chew, anorexia (unwillingness to eat) and weight loss. Teeth trimming may become a routine procedure for certain pigs. Pieces of pine wood and boxes provide good chewing exercise.

This is one of the most common problems encountered. Any swelling especially around the neck or head should be suspect. Immediately isolate the pig and have it examined by your veterinarian. Sneezing or runny eyes and nose could also be signs of infection isolate the pig and seek medical attention.

All guinea pigs should be examined when they go to a new home. No vaccinations have been developed for their common diseases, but a discussion on preventative medicine will reduce the likelihood of trouble later.